Easy practice exam 1

Explanation

Answer: A. AWS Migration Hub gives a single place to discover the existing estate, group servers into applications, and track migration status across tools such as AWS Application Migration Service and AWS DMS, as well as supported partner tools. It answers the portfolio-level question of how far the overall migration has progressed.

• B. AWS Control Tower sets up and governs a secure multi-account environment. It is about landing zone governance rather than migration tracking.
• C. AWS Config records resource configurations and evaluates compliance. It reports on what exists in AWS, not on migration progress.
• D. AWS Systems Manager operates and manages nodes, handling patching, automation, and remote command execution. It does not track migration waves.

Explanation

Answer: C. Repurchase, sometimes called "drop and shop," means abandoning the current product in favor of a different one, most often a commercial software as a service subscription. A company replacing a self-hosted customer relationship management system with a SaaS equivalent is repurchasing.

• A. Rewriting the application to exploit cloud-native features is refactoring or re-architecting.
• B. Moving the application unchanged is rehosting. Optimizing during the move is replatforming.
• D. Deliberately leaving the application where it is describes retain.

Explanation

Answer: C. AWS words this advantage as "trade fixed expense for variable expense." The fixed expense is the up-front purchase of data centers and servers that must be made before demand is known; the variable expense is a charge that accrues only while resources run, and only in proportion to how much is consumed.

• A. Go global in minutes concerns deploying into Regions worldwide to lower latency, which is a reach benefit rather than a spending model.
• B. Increase speed and agility concerns the drop in time to make resources available to developers, from weeks to minutes.
• D. Stop guessing capacity concerns removing the need to forecast infrastructure size in advance. It is closely related but describes provisioning rather than how the expense is incurred.

Explanation

Answer: C. A capital expenditure buys an asset up front, before the benefit is realized, and that asset is then owned and depreciated over its useful life. An operating expenditure is incurred as the service is consumed. Moving to the cloud shifts spending from the first pattern to the second, which is what AWS means by trading fixed expense for variable expense.

• A. The distinction is about ownership and timing relative to use, not about the billing interval. An annually invoiced subscription is still operating expenditure.
• B. Organizations of every size use both. The choice is driven by what is being acquired, not by company size.
• D. Both categories can contain hardware and software. A perpetual software license bought outright is capital spending; a subscription is operating spending.

Explanation

Answer: D. This is AWS's "benefit from massive economies of scale" advantage. Because demand from a very large customer base is pooled, AWS buys, builds, and operates at a scale no single customer can match, and passes the resulting efficiency on as lower pay-as-you-go prices. AWS has reduced prices many times over the life of the platform as a result.

• A. Bring your own license is a licensing arrangement in which the customer applies existing software licenses to cloud resources.
• B. Total cost of ownership is a comparison method that accounts for all direct and indirect costs of an option over time.
• C. Rightsizing is matching the size of a provisioned resource to the workload's actual requirement. It lowers a customer's own bill but does not describe the provider's cost structure.

Explanation

Answer: D. Rightsizing means analyzing actual utilization and then adjusting the resource so that it fits the workload, which usually means downsizing or terminating instances that are consistently underused. It attacks waste directly, because an oversized instance costs the same whether or not the capacity is used.

• A. Choosing the largest instance for headroom is the opposite of rightsizing and is a common source of overspending.
• B. A multi-year commitment is a purchasing discount. It lowers the rate but does nothing about an instance that is too large for its job.
• C. Spreading resources across Availability Zones is a resilience practice. It affects availability, not whether each resource is correctly sized.

Explanation

Answer: C. Under BYOL the customer uses software licenses they have already purchased to run that software on AWS. The alternative is a license-included model, in which AWS holds the license and its cost is bundled into the service rate, so the customer buys nothing separately from the vendor.

• A. AWS Support provides technical guidance and case handling. It does not grant third-party software licenses.
• B. Licensing obligations do not disappear in the cloud. Vendor terms continue to apply and some require specific tenancy arrangements.
• D. That describes license-included, which is the opposite arrangement.

Explanation

Answer: C. Data center and facilities costs, which include space, cooling, power, racks, uninterruptible power supplies, cabling, and physical security systems, are borne by AWS once the workload runs in an AWS Region. Companies frequently overlook these when comparing costs because they are often carried in a facilities budget rather than an IT budget.

• A. End-user devices remain the company's responsibility regardless of where its server workloads run.
• B. Developers are still needed to build and maintain the application. Migration changes where the workload runs, not who writes it.
• D. Corporate insurance is a general business expense unrelated to where a workload is hosted.

Explanation

Answer: B. TCO exists because a purchase price is a poor basis for comparison. It adds the costs that accumulate over the life of the option, such as facilities, power and cooling, network links, software licensing, maintenance contracts, and refresh cycles, so that an on-premises option and a cloud option are compared on the same footing.

• A. Cloud charges alone would ignore the on-premises side of the comparison entirely, which defeats the purpose of a TCO exercise.
• C. Hardware purchase price is only the first line. It typically understates the true cost by a wide margin once facilities and operations are counted.
• D. Expected revenue belongs to a return on investment or business case calculation. TCO measures cost, which is one input to that.

Explanation

Answer: C. AWS Compute Optimizer analyzes resource configuration and utilization metrics and returns rightsizing recommendations, along with identification of idle resources. Its coverage extends across Amazon EC2 instances and Auto Scaling groups, Amazon EBS volumes, AWS Lambda functions, Amazon ECS services on AWS Fargate, and several database and other resource types.

• A. AWS CloudFormation provisions resources from declarative templates. It creates infrastructure but makes no judgment about whether the sizes chosen are appropriate.
• B. AWS Service Catalog publishes approved products for self-service deployment. It governs what can be launched, not how well-sized it is afterwards.
• D. AWS Config records resource configurations and evaluates them against compliance rules. It can flag a configuration as non-compliant but does not produce utilization-based sizing recommendations.